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In water treatment , evaporation is a process that uses heat to turn water into steam, separating it from dissolved solid contaminants. This method is often used to obtain high purity water to reduce the volume of waste water, concentrating contaminants in a more manageable residue.
The operation of evaporation treatment involves heating contaminated water to boiling point using various types of heat sources, such as boilers, electric heaters or solar energy. Subsequently, the water converted into steam will remove salts, heavy metals and other solid contaminants. The steam is then collected and cooled in a condenser , where it returns to its liquid state as distilled water (this condensation process can be facilitated by heat exchangers), while the solidified residues in the evaporation system are concentrated and collected for disposal or subsequent treatment.
They operate at reduced pressures relative to the atmosphere, reducing the boiling point of water. This allows evaporation at lower temperatures, reducing energy consumption by minimizing the thermal degradation of heat sensitive materials.
Vacuum evaporators can be used where solutions with thermally unstable components need to be evaporated, such as in the food and pharmaceutical industry, are also widely used in industries where available heat sources are available at temperatures below 100 °C.
Vacuum technology also allows the application of heat pump systems.
Heat pump evaporators use a heat pump to recover and reuse thermal energy from condensed steam. The heat pump transfers heat from cold condensate to feed liquid, significantly reducing overall energy consumption.
These systems are ideal for industrial processes that require high energy efficiency and where you can benefit from heat recovery, such as in the treatment of industrial wastewater.
They use a series of evaporation stages (effects), where the steam produced in one effect is used as a heat source for the next. This system makes maximum use of available heat, increasing energy efficiency.
Multi-effect evaporators are widely used in industries such as desalination and sugar production, where reducing energy consumption is key. They are particularly effective for large evaporation volumes.
